Intellectual Property
29Apr

IP protection: a valuable tool for SMEs’ economic upscale

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the lifeblood of any growth-driven economy. They play a huge role in job creation and economic development. SMEs constitute about 90% of the world’s businesses and generate up to 40% of national income in emerging economies. Despite their enormous contributions to the economy, SMEs are plagued with several issues and access to finance sits at the top of the lists of challenges facing SMEs. SMEs are less likely to obtain loans from the bank than their larger counterparts as they may lack collateral to access such credit facilities. In the face of a global pandemic, the situation is worse for SMEs. While SMEs are fraught with their challenges, the situation is not entirely hopeless. Many entrepreneurs fail to harness a vital aspect of their business that can solve some of the challenges they encounter. This vital aspect is intellectual property.   SMEs and Intellectual Property Intellectual property (IP) is an aspect of a business that every entrepreneur must consider from the very onset of the business as it is one of the most valuable assets for any business. Many entrepreneurs make the mistake of believing that since their business is just kicking off or is small, they do not have to worry much about protecting their IP. Some others are ignorant of the fact that their businesses have assets worthy of IP protection. Another reason entrepreneurs do not consider IP from the onset is that "IP is too expensive" or that IP protection can be considered some other day. The below quote although said in respect to trademarks describes the disposition of many SMEs’ owners:  "We hear this from business owners all the time:   'Oh, we're too small. It's too early. We're still thinking. We'll think about trademarking once we grow bigger...' Let me be blunt with you, this is utter nonsense on so many levels. You must not make trademarking decisions based on where your business is today. You must make these decisions based on where your business will be if it's as successful as you hope it might become''. (The Ultimate Insider’s Guide to Intellectual Property) Beyond being a legal right,  IP is a business asset and tool for organizational and commercial advancement. SMEs ought to prioritize securing their IP rights and regarding IP as a tool for making more money. According to Julian Crump, President of the International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys (FICPI), "SMEs that apply for patents, trademarks or designs are more likely to grow quickly and succeed than those that do not." Using IP as a money-making tool is achievable when an organization takes IP seriously and includes it in its overall business strategy. Identifying your Intellectual Property IP extends to several intellectual/intangible assets of a business. These may include literary, musical, and artistic elements of a business that are protectable by copyrights such as client lists, customer databases, manuals, brochures, magazines, and explanatory materials for customers’ benefit. The brand identity (logos, slogans, etc) and goodwill of the business are protectable by trademarks. Other aspects of IP that affect SMEs include designs, patents, trade secrets, etc, and are so valuable that when converted to financial terms are capable of raking in capital for the business. If you have difficulty in identifying your IP, seek an expert legal opinion. Protecting your Intellectual Property
  • Integrating IP into your SME’s overall business strategy. This motivates the business owner or entrepreneur to manage their IP with the same seriousness as they would handle funding, infrastructure, etc, and actively take steps to protect and maximize their IP.
 
  • Register your IP with the relevant agencies. IP such as patents, trademarks, and industrial designs in most jurisdictions require registration for protection to avail. For copyrights, depending on the jurisdiction, registration may not be necessary. Using the Copyright © symbol on your copyrightable works is enough protection.
 
  • Take stock of your IP portfolio by conducting an IP audit. Doing this would help you determine aspects of your business that require IP protection. This will also keep you informed as to what IP to commercially exploit. 
 
  • Be sure that you own the IP in your business. This is achieved by conducting an IP audit. One area small business owners overlook is the aspect of website development. There is the misconceived notion that since they have paid for the web design, they own all the intellectual property rights to that website. However, that is not the case as the general rule is that rights in works contracted to independent contractors are owned by the contractors unless the parties agree otherwise by a written agreement. Also, you want to be sure that none of your materials including your website are infringing on the IP rights of others. 
 
  • Seek expert legal help as it may save you from more costs in the future. Getting sound legal opinion or assistance from the onset of your business is very necessary as this would help you understand the appropriate IP protection measures for your business and its commercial potential concerning IP. 
 
  • Use non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) to protect your IP when dealing with others, including in your employment contracts clauses that prevent your employees from disclosing salient aspects of your business, and protect your IP during a pitch.
 
  • Keep your idea a secret until you have had it protected. A secret shared is no longer a secret. Where your business relies on or has trade secrets, take adequate measures to maintain secrecy. 
Failure to consider IP early leaves room for rivals to infringe on IP which may be inimical to the progress of your business. Taking your ideas to the market While it is highly recommended and commendable that SMEs protect their intellectual property, it is also very important that they maximize the commercial potentials of their IP. Intangible assets of a business, IP being one of such, make up about 30-40% of the profit margin of most businesses today. Also, IP “should be seen as a power[ful] tool for economic growth instead of an obscure legal concept.”  Competitive advantage and larger opportunity in the marketplace  A foremost way of benefiting commercially from an SME’s IP is protecting the IP. A lot about protecting IP has been advocated in the earlier part of this article. Trademarks are one of the most important intellectual property rights for SMEs. Protecting your trademark helps to preserve your brand image, as your consumers/customers are not confused when they encounter your goods or services in the marketplace. Also, by registering your trademark, you reduce the risk of another business hijacking your brand prestige. By preserving your trade secrets, you can continuously derive economic benefits from the exploration of such secrets, as competitors are not privy to what makes your business tick. Assignment Assignment simply means the sale or transfer of one’s rights or interest in a thing. An SME’s owner can make a profit from their IP by assigning their IP rights in a particular creation, brand, or invention in return for revenue. In 2005, Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim created the video-sharing platform YouTube. In 2006, Google purchased YouTube for US$1.65 billion and now earns the same amount in monthly revenue. Licensing Licensing of IP allows IP rights holders to license out their IP based on agreed terms in exchange for revenue. Licensing may also provide the business owner access to new markets and increase consumer awareness of their goods and services. Licensing may take the form of exclusive, non-exclusive, and sole licensing. Franchising Franchising is particularly very attractive in the aspect of trademarks. Here, the franchisor whose brand has gained prominence or reputation among consumers grants the franchisee rights to market their products or services using the franchisor's brand. A franchise agreement would spell out the terms of the contract. It's a win-win for the franchisor as they acquire revenue just by letting another use their brand. Access to funds Leveraging IP to access venture capital and other financing sources is a viable option for SMEs' owners to profit from their IP. Having a viable IP portfolio attracts and boosts investors' confidence to invest in your business.  Conclusion SMEs play a huge role in the economic development of nations. However, financing is a major challenge plaguing SMEs, with many of them not surviving the first five years of operation. Harnessing IP for business advancement should not be overlooked by entrepreneurs and business owners. The benefits are enormous. Seek expert legal opinion on how to benefit from your IP rights.   Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only, and should not be construed as legal advice. Please consult a lawyer for tailored legal advice.
By Intellectual Property, Startup, Venture Capital0 Comments
Read more...
16Nov

Most Common Mistakes Startups Make Relating to Intellectual Property

By Gunnar Pippel on Shutterstock This is the era of the digital. Every now and then, diverse kinds of businesses spring up, promising the next big thing. These businesses usually start out having bright prospects as well as looking to offer stellar services and solutions. Businesswise, these start-ups seem to have everything in place. Marketing, finance, accounting, operations, distribution, organization, etc, all sorted out. Yet,  an important aspect of their business strategy is often ignored, that is, intellectual property. In today’s digital economy, intellectual property (IP) is a very important aspect that can no longer be overlooked. Intangibles now command a large share of the overall worth of businesses as a result of the evolution from the industrialized economy to the knowledge-driven economy. In the knowledge-driven economy, the greatest assets of businesses are their technological innovations, creations, brand, and goodwill, all of which can be protected as intellectual property. Start-ups, particularly at the seed stage, fail to realize that they possess intangible or intellectual assets worth protecting, as their focus at this time is getting seed funding for their business and getting it running. If precautions are not taken, they may realize too late that some of their most important assets have been misappropriated or have become subjects of serious contention. Here are some of the common mistakes Start-ups make with regards to their IP.  

Not Protecting Their IP Early Enough

Start-ups sometimes make the mistake of not seeking IP protection for their intangible assets early enough. These could be due to several reasons including:
  • Considering IP protection too expensive, especially at the earliest stages of the business. It is more expensive, trying to fix the consequences of failing to take necessary precautions from the onset, than trying to seek IP protection at the appropriate time. Your IP may fall into the public domain if you are unable to prove that yours is first in time. This is because registration with the appropriate agencies is the surest way to prove priority. 
  • Hastening to enter into the market with their goods or services. Some start-ups make the mistake of releasing their goods or services into the market before securing protection for their IP. This likely stems from the misconception that protection could be secured at any time. However, as with some classes of IP, there is a window of opportunity for securing protection, failure to do so could likely result in the IP falling into the public domain.
  • Ignorance of the fact that every start-up has at least one class of IP. These could include clients' lists, customer databases, manuals, designs, colours, logos, software, etc.
  • Considering IP protection unnecessary. This happens mostly when Start-up owners are unaware of the benefits of early IP protection for their IP assets.
 

Failure To Clearly Determine Ownership of IP

You’re probably familiar with this scenario. A start-up owner commissions a web developer to design an online presence for the firm, for instance, a website. The web developer gets paid and does the work. The start-up owner is very satisfied. He assumes that since he has paid for the design of the website, then he is the owner. This, however, is not true. The web developer, in fact, is the owner of the website and the IP contained therein unless and until he/she transfers ownership of the website to the start-up owner. The web developer could bring an infringement lawsuit against the start-up company should the contents of the website be modified or used without the permission of the web developer. To avoid this, at the point of commissioning the web developer as an independent contractor, a work-for-hire agreement should be executed transferring ownership to the start-up. Another instance where Start-ups fail to clearly determine ownership of IP is assuming that creations or innovations of employees belong to the firm. The only time this holds true is where the work is done in the course of employment and within the scope of employment. Thus, if employee A is employed as an editor of children's storybooks, if employee A writes a poem after office hours, the employer cannot lay claim to the copyright in the work. To clearly determine ownership of IP as a Start-up, terms of engagement with regards to IP should be clearly spelt out in the employee-employer agreement.  

Failing to Realize the Importance of Expert IP Guidance

Small businesses, especially at the beginning phase of the business, make the mistake of adopting a "do-it-yourself" approach in managing their IP. This is borne out of the misconception that IP issues are not so complex and can be handled without the guidance of an expert in the field of IP. Au contraire, there may be knotty issues that can be spotted by an IP expert, but easily missed by a non-IP practitioner.  

Inadequate IP Safeguards

One common IP mistake start-ups make is not putting in place adequate IP safeguards to ensure their IP is immune from infringement. Inadequate or improper documentation, poorly drafted employee confidentiality agreements or the absence of any, and not executing non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) with third parties are some of the ways businesses fail to adequately safeguard their IP.  

Failure To Conduct IP Due Diligence

Conducting IP due diligence allows a start-up to take stock of its IP portfolio and answer the following questions: what are its IP assets? What are the types of IP it has? Who are the creators/inventors? Who owns the IP? Are there issues with the IP and/or what are the actions to take to rectify the issues? By answering the above questions, the start-up is able to determine the existence of prior art in the case of patents, the status of its IP, whether they are registered or not, and so on. Also, taking stock of a firm's IP allows it to determine the assets to keep using; those assets to license out or assign, hence reducing the costs of managing their IP portfolio. When a start-up fails to take stock of its IP portfolio, they are exposed to infringement by third parties. Also, the company may be susceptible to infringement lawsuits from others in the event that the company's IP infringes on that of others.  

Not Integrating IP Management Into The Overall Business Strategy

IP is an irresistible driving force in any organization that seeks to be taken seriously and that seeks to enhance its value and gain competitive advantage. However, most start-ups fail to realize the immense benefits of IP to their business hence IP is relegated to the background. It is sometimes regarded as something that can be sorted out along the way. The result is that other core aspects of the business (marketing, finance, accounting, operations, distribution, etc) are adequately and promptly catered to, leaving IP to chance. The fact remains that due to the pivotal role IP plays in a business, it ought to be integrated into the overall business strategy of the start-up from the very beginning. The benefits are enormous.  

Neglecting to Consider Digital IP Dimensions

Failure to consider securing the digital presence of a start-up could affect its interaction with potential customers and clients online. Due to the wide reach of the internet, more and more businesses now realize the importance of having a digital presence. This has also been capitalized on by unscrupulous people who may wish to benefit from the brand name or goodwill of an existing business. One example of this is cybersquatting. Cybersquatters secure domain names that bear the names or identity of existing businesses who have neglected to promptly secure their domain names. These cybersquatters then seek to sell the domain names at a very high price to these businesses. Although cybersquatting is frowned upon by the law, the process of seeking redress can be quite harrowing, time and resource consuming.  

Engaging in a Pitch Competition Without Adequate IP Safeguards

In a previous article, I have succinctly addressed the risks in engaging in a pitch competition without adequate IP safeguards.   Feel free to check up on us in our Telegram Group or our Telegram Channel if you have questions. We look forward to engaging you. You're also welcome to interact directly with the FINT Team. Join our Telegram Group: https://t.me/FINTConsulting or our Telegram Channel: https://t.me/FINTChannel. See you there. DISCLAIMER: This article is written for educational purposes only and should not be construed as legal advice. Consult a lawyer for tailored legal advice.
By Intellectual Property0 Comments
Read more...
04Oct

Protecting Your IP in a Pitch Competition

The era where start-ups and SMEs barely considered intellectual property (IP) as part of their overall business strategy is far gone. Intangible assets, including intellectual property, make up for about 30-40% of the profit margin of most businesses today. In fact, some businesses deal solely on the intangibles. It is therefore very important to consider IP protection at every stage of the business, including at the seed or incubation stage.  Intellectual property arises from novel or original expressions, which could take the form of copyrights, trademarks, patents, designs, etc. Every start-up has at least one intellectual property. Logos, designs, colours, customer databases, clients’ lists, manuals, software, etc are all intangible assets, which can be protected under intellectual property. Most innovations are products of novelty or originality. In essence, a start-up is putting forward what good or service it can provide distinct from that of others. Novelty or originality in this sense does not imply an out-of-this-world idea coming to life but rather, being able to establish a difference between your good or service, and that of related businesses. Imagine coming up with a groundbreaking idea and turning the same into a beautiful innovation. You cannot wait to pitch your great idea before potential investors, competitors and organizers of a pitch event.  Before you do that, wait!  There are certain precautions you have to take with regards to your beautiful idea before making it public. The purpose of a pitch competition is usually to present your innovations before the organizers of such competitions and potential investors. It is putting your stuff out there for others to see. This could help a start-up get seed funding for its projects, attract investors, and display what it can offer. It could also make room for collaborations as well as identifying competitors.

Why Secure Your IP?

Safeguarding Your Pitch Against IP Infringement 

Protecting a start-up’s intangible assets using intellectual property from the very onset is vital. This ensures adequate protection before going public with the idea. And prevents theft of the start-up’s ideas during the pitch presentation by organizers or potential competitors. Prior IP protection has two advantages for the start-up, that is, the “defensive” benefit and the “offensive” benefit.  The defensive approach, also known as “protection and blocking” ensures that the start-up has in place the appropriate mechanism - IP protection – to prevent its IP from being infringed on. In addition, it would provide a basis for counter-infringement claims in IP litigation. It also serves as a barrier to market entry, blocking competitors from entering the same market. The offensive approach would allow a start-up to sue to protect its intellectual property rights (IPRs) in the event of an infringement. It also gives the start-up competitive edge when negotiating licensing or out-of-court settlement deals.

Time-Bound Nature of IP

Some classes of IP by nature are time-bound, that is, a period or window of opportunity is provided to allow for the necessary IP protection for any idea that is released during a pitch competition without adequate IP Protection, before falling into the public domain. Hence, to ensure adequate and timely protection, such classes of IP ought to be registered within a given time frame.  For instance, patents under most national laws have a period of grace of twelve (12) months within which patents that have been made public ought to be applied for to be protected.  The implication is that if a start-up presents an invention during a pitch competition without having filed for a patent grant, it only has a period of one year to file for it; otherwise, it would lose protection and fall into the public domain. Hence, it is of utmost importance for a start-up to protect its IP before a pitch competition. For instance, if SmartTech, a tech company that produces microbots, displays its microbots at a pitch competition before patenting the functional aspects of those microbots, it has a period of grace of twelve (12) months to apply for patent grant.

Boosts Investors’ Confidence

Safeguarding your IP before a pitch competition gives your business a sense of seriousness that is attractive to potential investors. It shows the meticulousness of the idea or business owner as well as his IP due diligence.  

How to Secure Your Idea Before and During a Pitch Competition

  • Limit the amount of information you let out during a pitch deck

In a pitch deck, the information a start-up owner lets out should be limited to only the basics, that is, enough information to pique the interest of potential investors but insufficient to be stolen or misappropriated.

  • Execute non-disclose or non-compete agreements

In situations where giving out just basic information would not cut it, it is imperative to execute a non-disclosure or non-compete agreements with the pitch deck organizers beforehand. That way, if your idea gets stolen, you can hold them liable.

  • Seek proper protection of your IPRs

While it is very important to consider various means of securing your IP before a pitch deck, actual and adequate protection of your IPRs is of utmost importance. This is because of the defensive and offensive benefits that accrue to the start-up.

  • Keep a trail of documentation 

Having a good record of all transactions leading up to the pitch competition would leave a trail that would assist the start-up in proving ownership in the event that the need arises. These include emails, receipts, letters and other correspondence, etc.

Conclusion

The importance of prior protection of IPRs before a pitch competition cannot be overemphasized. The overall benefits far outweigh the often misconstrued perception that IPRs' protection is expensive.   Feel free to check up on us in our Telegram Group or our Telegram Channel if you have questions. We look forward to engaging you. You're also welcome to interact directly with the FINT Team. Join our Telegram Group: https://t.me/FINTConsulting or our Telegram Channel: https://t.me/FINTChannel. See you there. DISCLAIMER: This article is written for educational purposes only and should not be construed as legal advice. Consult a lawyer for tailored legal advice.
By Intellectual Property, , , , 0 Comments
Read more...